God reaffirms His decision to make Moses appear as a god to Pharaoh, with Aaron acting as his prophet. He predicts that Pharaoh will be stubborn and, as a result, God will showcase His mighty acts in Egypt. Following God's command, Aaron throws down his staff in front of Pharaoh and his officials, and it becomes a serpent. However, Pharaoh's magicians replicate this miracle with their own staffs. Aaron's staff, however, swallows theirs. Despite this sign, Pharaoh's heart remains unyielding. God then instructs Moses and Aaron to initiate the first plague. Aaron stretches out his staff over the Nile, turning its waters to blood. Fish die, the river stinks, and the Egyptians are unable to drink its water. Yet, the Egyptian magicians manage to replicate this feat, leading Pharaoh to remain defiant.

God instructs Moses to warn Pharaoh that if he does not let the Israelites go, a plague of frogs will cover the land. Pharaoh remains obstinate, and frogs inundate the land. In distress, Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron, promising to release the Israelites if the frogs are removed. Moses obliges, praying to God to take away the frogs. They die, and the land reeks of their decay. Yet, Pharaoh hardens his heart again. This is followed by the third plague: lice. Aaron strikes the dust with his staff, turning it into lice that infest humans and animals. This time, the magicians cannot replicate the plague and declare it the "finger of God." Yet, Pharaoh remains unmoved. The fourth plague consists of swarms of flies, which devastate the land except for Goshen, where the Israelites reside. Again, Pharaoh negotiates, suggesting the Israelites worship in Egypt. Moses refuses, stating they must go into the desert. Pharaoh agrees to let them go but reneges once the flies are removed.

The fifth plague strikes the Egyptians' livestock, causing them to die, while the Israelite livestock remains untouched. Still, Pharaoh's heart is hardened. The sixth plague sees Moses and Aaron taking soot from a furnace and scattering it. It becomes fine dust, causing painful boils on people and animals. The Egyptian magicians are so affected that they cannot stand before Moses. Yet, Pharaoh remains unyielding. God then sends the seventh plague: a severe hailstorm, unlike any before it. It devastates the land, destroying crops, people, and livestock in the fields. Pharaoh admits his sin and the righteousness of God, asking Moses to stop the hail. Moses agrees but predicts that Pharaoh will still not let the people go. As the storm ceases, Pharaoh's heart hardens once more, and he refuses to release the Israelites.